Activistas hondureñes protestan por el “estado de excepción” que suspende los derechos civiles

Resumen: Les activistas* dicen que la medida — implementada como parte de una “guerra contra la extorsión” — en realidad equivale a la criminalización de la pobreza.

To read this article in English, originally published at Truthout, click here.

Activistas forman un plantón contra el estado de excepción el 14 de enero 2023 en Parque Finlay, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Tienen tambores, y sus mantas dicen ¡No se combate la violencia criminalizando la pobreza! y La policia militar es femicida y trans-odiante.
Activistas forman un plantón contra el estado de excepción el 14 de enero 2023 en Parque Finlay, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Foto: Karla Lara.

En Tegucigalpa, Honduras, un grupo de activistas se reune regularmente los sábados por la mañana para oponerse a una de las nuevas políticas populares de la presidenta Xiomara Castro: el estado de emergencia que suspende parcialmente varios derechos constitucionales fundamentales. La medida, también conocida como estado de excepción, pretende ser una parte clave de la “guerra contra la extorsión” de Castro, un problema importante y estructural en Honduras. Les activistas antimilitaristas, sin embargo, dicen que no se puede avanzar con más militarización y que el estado de excepción equivale a la criminalización de la pobreza.

Al igual que sus contrapartes abolicionistas en los Estados Unidos, estes activistas antimilitaristas a menudo son atacades en las redes sociales cuando invitan a la gente a sus actividades. Les comentaristas les acusan de apoyar la extorsión o incluso de ser mareres. Criticar al nuevo gobierno conlleva el riesgo de ser tachade de derechista, dijo una miembro del grupo, Sofía (seudónimo), que pidió el anonimato por temor a represalias de la policía. Las medidas son populares, dijo Sofía, a pesar de que “se atropellan los derechos humanos”, porque “la gente quiere venganza”.

“Y es entendible también”, agregó. En Honduras como en los Estados Unidos, la violencia es una respuesta popular para enfrentar la violencia.

Siguiendo los pasos de El Salvador

En enero de 2022, Honduras eligió una nueva presidenta, Xiomara Castro. Castro, cuya campaña fue apoyada por muchos de los movimientos sociales del país, es la primera mujer presidenta del país y la primera en ser elegida por un partido no tradicional (LIBRE). La elección de Castro marcó el fin de la narcodictadura que se impuso después de que su esposo, Mel Zelaya, fuera destituido con fuerza de su cargo en 2009, y representada por Juan Orlando Hernández, quien fue presidente por dos periodos.

El período de 12 años posterior al golpe del 2009 se caracterizó por una mayor militarización, debilitamiento de las instituciones civiles, altos niveles de violencia contra activistas, colusión con los narcotraficantes en los niveles más altos del gobierno y la policía, y el saqueo de fondos públicos. En medio de todo esto, los índices de violencia han sido extraordinariamente altos en Honduras y la gente común, especialmente aquellos que viven en áreas controladas por poderosas pandillas o sindicatos del crimen organizado, se ha visto profundamente afectada.

El control de las pandillas y maras en los vecindarios a veces se extiende hasta el punto de decidir por les residentes dónde pueden y dónde no pueden trabajar (básicamente en lugares controlados por una pandilla rival) y controlan otros comportamientos de la vida diaria. La pena por la desobediencia es a menudo alta y violenta.

Entre los efectos de este nivel de control de las maras están los “impuestos” o “cuotas” que deben pagarse regularmente. Según una encuesta reciente (la extorsión casi nunca se denuncia a la policía), les hondureñes pagan alrededor de US$737 millones en “cuotas” anualmente. Este tipo de extorsión, que afecta en particular a personas que trabajan en el sector del transporte como taxistas, es el principal objetivo por el cual se dio el estado de excepción.

Castro originalmente impuso la medida por 30 días, empezando el 6 de diciembre de 2022, incluyendo a más de 200 barrios y colonias de las dos ciudades más grandes de Honduras. Desde entonces, el estado de excepción ha sido aprobado por el Congreso de Honduras y extendido dos veces (el actual vence el 20 de abril), y ahora incluye 17 de los 18 departamentos del país.

En virtud de la orden, se suspenden seis artículos de la constitución hondureña, lo cuales se refieren a la libertad de circulación, el derecho a la libre asociación y reunión, y la inviolabilidad del domicilio. Igualmente, las fuerzas de seguridad pueden realizar arrestos sin órdenes judiciales o procesos judiciales de causa probable, las personas pueden ser detenidas por períodos más prolongados y sus hogares pueden ser allanados y registrados por la policía sin los mismos controles judiciales de un estado de derecho. Poco menos de 20.000 oficiales de múltiples agencias, incluida la Policía Militar (PMOP) creada por el régimen anterior, se han dedicado a este control.

El medio de comunicación independiente hondureño Contra Corriente destacó que el estado de excepción aumentará drásticamente las tasas de detención en un momento en que el sistema penitenciario de Honduras ya está enjaulando a casi el doble de personas para el cual fue construido para albergar.

La idea del estado de excepción sin duda viene del vecino El Salvador, donde desde hace poco menos de un año se renueva un programa similar implementado por el presidente Nayib Bukele, y los hechos son preocupantes. La evidencia sugiere que la vida cotidiana en El Salvador ha mejorado notablemente, incluso dramáticamente, y los residentes se maravillan de las formas en que ahora pueden circular libremente en público sin obstáculos por la violencia, pero estas mejoras tienen un alto costo. Hasta el momento, 64.000 personas han sido encarceladas, según cifras gubernamentales, más del 2 por ciento de la población total del país, y se ha construido una nueva “mega prisión” para albergar a la masiva población encarcelada.

Un informe de Human Rights Watch afirma que al menos 90 personas detenidas han muerto en El Salvador durante el estado de emergencia, pero el gobierno no ha investigado ninguna de estas muertes y abundan los casos de abusos y detenciones de personas inocentes. Les defensores públicos dicen que, en el entorno político y jurídico actual, es casi imposible lograr la liberación de alguien, sin importar su caso o circunstancias.

El modelo salvadoreño es tan popular en Honduras como lo es en El Salvador. “Es normal que la gente se sienta tranquila cuando puede salir de su colonia porque el estado de excepción ha barrido a la gente, pero ¿qué se ha escondido debajo de la alfombra? Lo que no se ve es que gente inocente ha sido detenida, y algunos de ellos no han salido con vida”, dijo la legisladora Claudia Ortiz al medio independiente El Faro, sobre los cambios en El Salvador. “Es impactante saber que tu tranquilidad o la mía se logró a un precio inaceptable”.

Una manta se seca durante un plantón antimilitarista el 10 de diciembre 2022 en Plaza La Merced, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. La manta dice "la policia no te cuida, te roba, viola, asesina."
Una manta se seca durante un plantón antimilitarista el 10 de diciembre 2022 en Plaza La Merced, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Foto: Karla Lara.

Cuestionando la normalización de la violencia

Desde el inicio del estado de excepción en Honduras en diciembre pasado, un grupo autoconvocado de antimilitaristas ha organizado plantones periódicamente en barrios que están afectados por la orden. Su propósito, dijo Sofía, es “visibilizar el carácter clasista del estado de excepción”. Su compañera, Suli Argentina, dijo que también utilizan estos espacios para compartir los testimonios de todas las formas en que las personas han sido afectadas por la militarización, para que la gente vea que, si bien la extorsión daña a la comunidad, la militarización también causa mucho daño.

Estos eventos han tomado diferentes formas, pero todos han sido en un espacio público como una plaza o un parque donde se reúne la gente de la comunidad o donde se puede ver al grupo facilmente. Muchos de los plantones han tenido actividades artísticas colectivas. En el primer evento, que se llevó a cabo el 10 de diciembre del 2022, trabajaron con miembros de la comunidad para pintar mantas, las misma que se utilizan hasta ahora en los plantones.

Una actividad aparentemente simple como pintar una manta colectivamente puede generar un diálogo sobre el militarismo y el patriarcado, dijo la cantautora popular feminista Karla Lara. Por ejemplo, el grupo pintó una manta en honor a Keyla Martínez, una estudiante de enfermería que fue asesinada en la comisaría en febrero de 2021 tras ser detenida por violar un toque de queda decretado por el coronavirus.

Mientras el grupo trabajaba en la manta, intentaban decidir de qué colores pintarla. Lara recordó que una persona sugirió que la manta se pintara de rosa. Otros participantes entablaron un diálogo, preguntando por qué pensaban que el rosa sería efectivo para humillar a la policía, y finalmente llegaron al punto de que el rosa solo “humilla” porque está asociado con la feminidad. En otras palabras, usar rosa para humillar es, en el fondo, una idea misógina.

Otros eventos han incluido presentaciones de música y talleres de grupos como Batucada AntiCistemica (un grupo que afirma la identidad trans que toca los tambores y tiene un juego de palabras con “cisgénero” en su nombre). En otra ocasión, el grupo antimilitarista se instaló en una plaza central con menos tráfico peatonal pero con alto tráfico automovilístico y colgaron las mantas para que pudieran ser vistas por más personas.

Para la gran mayoría, dijeron las activistas, el punto es crear un espacio en los barrios para cuestionar el militarismo como la solución a los problemas que vive la gente. Al mismo tiempo, dijo Sofía, se ejerce mucha cautela en la forma en que se diseñan los eventos debido a la sensibilidad de los temas y el riesgo de ser tachado del Partido Nacional y de la derecha. “Tratamos de hacer actividades lúdicas”, dijo, “para que tampoco provoquen violencia”.

Argentina dice que espera que el grupo pueda ayudar a la gente a ver “por qué la militarización no necesariamente resuelve el problema desde sus raíces, y así para que la gente empiece a entender que no estamos en contra de medidas para garantizar la seguridad de la población, sino mas bien proponemos que se tomen medidas que realmente aseguran la erradicación de este tipo violencia”.

Les activistas antimilitaristas pintan una manta diciendo "los uniformados matan" el 10 de diciembre 2022 en Plaza la Merced, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Les activistas antimilitaristas pintan una manta diciendo “los uniformados matan” el 10 de diciembre 2022 en Plaza la Merced, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Foto: Karla Lara.

Poner fin a la violencia requerirá mayores cambios en la calidad de vida de todos

Los barrios y las colonias bajo el estado de excepción sufren altísimos índices de pobreza y desempleo. A las personas que están en ellos se les ofrecen fuerzas de seguridad; pero no así atención médica, ni abundante comida saludable, ni arte ni escuela. No solo ha aumentado el tamaño de las fuerzas armadas a lo largo de los años de la dictadura, dijo Sofía, sino que este año también aumentó el presupuesto de seguridad con el nuevo gobierno en detrimento de otros servicios públicos.

Los abolicionistas a menudo han enfrentado pedidos de más policía que hacen las propias comunidades afectadas por el sistema policial. En su libro No More Police, las organizadoras sociales y abolicionistas Andrea Ritchie y Mariame Kaba escriben que entienden estos llamados como “respuestas a lo que se percibe como una amenaza de quitar el único recurso que ofrece el estado para responder a una multitud de problemas”. En cambio, argumentan, la abolición se trata de ofrecer a las comunidades tantos recursos como sea posible, en lugar de la violencia policial igual para todos. El sistema policial es el único recurso que ofrece el estado ante el peligro que experimentan estas comunidades en un contexto de abandono organizado, peligro que es creado y sostenido por la desigualdad y las condiciones sociales.

El mismo estado de excepción “está enfocado en los barrios más pobres… donde la falta de recursos es parte del día en día”, dijo Argentina.

Argentina y otros en el grupo de activistas antimilitaristas enfatizan fuertemente la forma racista y clasista del estado de excepción. Dicen que centrarse solo en los barrios históricamente marginados es clasista, ya que el estado de excepción no afecta a todos por igual, y destacan que la extorsión tampoco se limita a estos barrios y colonias. Además, dijo Lara, limitar la medida a dichos barrios es “instalar la idea de que la pobreza es criminal al implicar que los extorsionistas están en estos barrios”.

Al suspender los requisitos como orden judicial antes de detener, registrar o arrestar a las personas, el único criterio que la policía puede usar es quién les parece “sospechoso”. “Es puro prejuicio”, dijo Sofía. Pero el arresto de jóvenes pobres y de clase trabajadora, dijeron les activistas, también estigmatizará la pobreza ya que sus arrestos conducen a la confirmación de la presunción de su culpabilidad.

Las autoridades hondureñas afirman que no había denuncias de derechos humanos durante el estado de excepción. Las entrevistadas por Truthout confirmaron que tenían conocimiento personal de los abusos policiales, incluyendo la detención de personas inocentes, como resultado del decreto. Una contó la historia de una persona que fue recogida por la policía y dejada en un barrio extraño mientras la amenazaban, en lugar de llevarla a una comisaría.

Las personas con las que habló Truthout no se sorprendieron por la falta de denuncias oficiales. No es razonable, dijo Sofía, esperar que la gente va a la misma comisaría de la misma policía que las ha atacado para presentar una denuncia formal de abuso policial, particularmente dentro de una cultura de gran desconfianza hacia la policía que surge desde la dictadura o incluso de antes.

Estes activistas también dijeron que temen represalias por su trabajo de organización contra el estado de excepción. Si bien no han enfrentado ningún ataque físico por parte de la policía hasta el momento, los miembros del grupo son muy conscientes de que cuando critican el militarismo en Honduras, están provocando a las mismas instituciones poderosas que conservan el poder ilimitado para cometer abusos.

El estado de excepción no ha cambiado fundamentalmente la estructura de violencia, extorsión y narcotráfico en Honduras, según estes activistas, en parte porque la policía y el ejército son una parte importante de dicha estructura. A juicio de Lara, “La cultura abusiva de la policía es la de siempre. Por mucho que digan que estos son los policías del gobierno socialista, que ha habido una depuración, que ha cambiado la dirigencia, al final los policías siguen tan violentos como siempre. Diría aún más. Porque el estado de excepción les da impunidad total”. Además, agrega, todos saben quién controla realmente las drogas en el barrio: la policía.

El expresidente Juan Orlando Hernández enfrenta actualmente un juicio en los Estados Unidos por cargos de utilizar su puesto para facilitar el tráfico de más de 500 toneladas de cocaína. Es un asunto de registro público que su gobierno estaba profundamente enmarañado con el narcotráfico, y se ha establecido, en parte a través de la condena de su hermano, que usó millones de dólares del sistema de salud del país, ahora en crisis, para financiar su campaña de reelección, que fue posible como resultado de un golpe judicial que encabezó. Estos años de corrupción, abandono organizado y la desintegración de la mayoría de las instituciones son una parte importante de la historia de las causas profundas de la violencia en las calles de Honduras.

Aunque el estado de emergencia es popular, este grupo de activistas antimilitaristas no es el único que se opone. El Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Populares e Indígenas de Honduras (COPINH), la organización fundada por la mártir defensora Berta Cáceres, también se ha pronunciado en contra. Su declaración enfatiza que las raíces de la violencia estructural que enfrentan los hondureños no se encuentran en los barrios precarios enumerados en el estado de excepción sino en las instituciones financieras, entre otros actores de élite, y entre las fuerzas de seguridad.

Puede que no haya mejor evidencia de que la estructura subyacente de violencia en Honduras sigue sin ser controlada por el estado de excepción —”que la militarización no sirve para mejorar las condiciones de vida de las personas”, como dijo Argentina— como lo evidencia la racha de asesinatos contra defensores de derechos humanos y de la tierra durante el período de emergencia. Desde fines de diciembre del 2022, asesinaron al menos ocho personas involucradas en movimientos sociales. Además, tres mujeres garífunas fueron asesinadas en enero en Puerto Cortés, zona que se encuentra bajo estado de excepción.

A les hondureños, al igual que para las personas en los EE. UU. y en muchas otras partes del mundo, se les vende un tipo específico de seguridad. Esta seguridad se puede comprar rápidamente poniendo a miles de policías y militares más en las calles, pero requiere aumentar no disminuir el nivel general de violencia, en la medida que la definición de violencia incluya el abuso policial, las redadas y el encarcelamiento.

Kaba y Ritchie escribieron que los abolicionistas deben “confrontar las historias que nos cuentan sobre el sistema policial y la seguridad que no cuadran”, incluida la forma en que “la policía coloniza nuestra imaginación”. Lara menciona, también, que “aprendimos en las series de televisión que la policía hace cosas importantes. Vemos en ‘Chicago Fire’ que además de eso son guapos”. Esto tiene que cambiar, dijo. Pero el trabajo de crear alternativas al sistema policial es lento y no tan fácil de explicar.

Constantemente se vende a la gente soluciones militarizadas y violentas al “crimen”, a través del aumento de las fuerzas policiales y de seguridad en las calles, a través de los programas de televisión y a través de los discursos de los políticos. Muy poco se representan las alternativas complejas, locales, multifacéticas y de cambio de sistema.

“Lo feo [de esta militarización] es que la gente cree que está bien que hagan eso, y que te llevan a creer que está bien eso”, dijo Lara.

Por eso es tan crítico, dicen estes activistas, crear un espacio público para cuestionar la militarización. “Como parte de la comunidad de diversidad sexual y como mujer, tengo muy claro personalmente, que no confío en la policía”. Haciéndose eco de una consigna del movimiento, agregó que la policía “no nos cuida, nos asesina”. Sin embargo, Argentina dijo: “Vamos a seguir luchando por una apuesta por la vida”.


Utilizando un lenguaje inclusivo, he optado por el uso de “e” para eludir las palabras en femenino o masculino.

Sars-CoV-2 Remains a Social Justice Issue (+ some good recent resources)

For a lot of people, the world is now post-pandemic. The more than 2,400 people who died in the US from covid last week apparently did not get that memo. Data worldwide is much harder to measure but a low estimate of total deaths so far is 6.8 million people. Those are the numbers when we speak of death. But Sars-CoV-2, it has become abundantly clear, is also a mass disabling event.

I try really hard not to be a bitter person. In my interactions with other people and in my writing, I do my utmost to move from a place of love and solidarity. But there is also always rage, too. I am deeply angry at the situation we are in, that has been unfolding for the last three years, particularly within the US: the “let it rip” approach from institutions and elites. There is no attempt to keep the greatest number of people healthy and alive. Instead, it seems, we are being subjected to an attempt to desensitize the greatest number of people to the conditions of others. We are being actively socialized away—more viciously than before–from caring about our mutual and collective well-being.

And, if I am honest, on most days, I struggle seriously with the extent to which this socialization has been effective on many people I know.

Let me be clear: the Biden administration policies, the CDC policies, are not “guided by the science.” Many, many of the decisions that have been made in the last two years since Biden took office were not as a result of any changed or new scientific finding and this is clear from the statements made. An example: the reasoning for limiting and changing quarantine and isolation policies did not occur because of a new finding or understanding of the disease; it was driven by market-based reasoning not to keep people home when they were actively sick and making others sick because too many industries were short-staffed (another way to approach this problem could have been rethinking our systems so that we can function without literally pressing people into service, but you know, to each their own I guess!). In turn, the changing of these policies and the messaging around them has made it nearly impossible for anyone to do the right thing, because employers and schools everywhere are always “following CDC guidelines.”

It is a fact that it is better for everyone when there is less virus in the air. This is especially true when the virus is one that can kill and permanently disable. Covid, and doing what we can to prevent its spread, is an issue of disability justice, of racial justice, and of solidarity with the working class.

I have more to say about all of this than I think I could possibly write or that anyone might sit down and read. The main thing I want to say is that even though we are all being actively failed and sacrificed by these institutions, that does not mean it is time to give up and go along. There are always ways to do more or less harm, and there are always ways to win things back once they have been lost. It is worth trying to keep the truth straight even when we are being gaslit, because things get worse when you give totally in to the gaslighting. I know that it is hard. I know that it is exhausting, and I know that the world is not making this easy. But: don’t give up. Everything you do to fight this death-making machine matters.

Below I am sharing some resources on how to work with people to create covid protocols, what kinds of covid protocols you might want or need, processing your feelings or the larger impact to our interactions, and just learning more about covid. I want to add that if you are organizing an event of any kind, it is extremely helpful to state upfront what mitigations you do or do not expect. I realized recently that despite vaccination and booster shots, I go to fewer things than I did in 2020 because now it is so much rarer for people to be clear on the flyer/social media post about whether or not they are requiring masks, have a good ventilation system, or are even thinking about covid.

A pink and blue stencil-type graphic that says, in block letters, "Test! Test! Test! Ppe! Keep the Workers Virus Free." There are drawings of a mask, a glove, test tubes, a vest, a stethoscope, a cart, a broom, and a covid virus with a line through it.
Poster by Propagate Collective, and found at Justseeds.

Fiction I read in 2020

I believe that fiction, and art more generally, is never frivolous. Abolition, to give one potent example, relies heavily on the power of imagination because we must be able to imagine a world beyond cages, beyond borders, beyond policing of all kinds as we begin to build that new world. This work requires us to strengthen our imaginations, and part of the work of abolition is also recuperating imagination from capitalism, which is relentlessly working to kill and co-opt our ability to imagine things for ourselves. Capital (and capitalists) wants to show us things as it sees them, as it wants things to be; it wants to shape the world and sell it back to us. It does not thrive when we are able to imagine, shape, and reshape the world for ourselves. Human beings have powerful imaginations, but only when we cultivate them.

Fiction is critical just when things seem to be at their most serious, and, in that spirit, I share some food for your imagination.

***

I strongly encourage anyone purchasing books to avoid Amazon in particular and other large chains in general (the library is also always an option). If you don’t have a particular independent bookstore or even if you do, you can order any of these books easily online at Bookshop and support independent bookstores.

***

  • The Plague – Albert Camus – Very cliché read, and yet I cannot say enough how many passages leapt off the page as if they had come out of the Washington Post. I thought this would be depressing and yet it was validating (and infuriating). The excitement in the air about the vaccine feels so much like the end of the book.
  • Loop – Brenda Lozano – A very apt book for right now. A book about waiting, and about nothing and everything.
  • The Death of Vivek Oji – Akwaeke Emezi — Powerful, affirming, sad book about nonbinary gender, but not as sad as I thought it would be.
  • Signs Preceding the End of the World – Yuri Herrera – A beautiful allegorical tale about the borderlands between the US and Mexico, recommended by many readers of Mexican literature as an alternative to Jeanine Cummins book (please don’t read that book)
  • The Deep – Rivers Solomon – Aching, haunting, powerful but not devastating. Perhaps one of the most beautiful books I’ve ever read.
  • The Shadow King – Maaza Mengiste – An intersectional tour de force on colonialism, class, gender, caste, and race, and maybe one of the most difficult books I’ve read for me personally, possibly because of the combination of the subject matter, format, and unfamiliarity with the history and region. A difficult read that was worth it.
  • Storm of Locusts — Rebecca Roanhorse – the sequel to Trail of Lightning which I loved last year. It did not disappoint!
  • Mildred Taylor’s Logan Family series  – This is highly recommended YA by the woman who wrote Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry. It turns out Taylor wrote a whole series of books around multiple generations of the family in that book, beginning with The Land. In August I disconnected from all electronic communication and hung out in my house to detox. During that period, I read five books, and in the end, The Land was the one I ended up recommending to everyone.
  • American Marriage – Tayari Jones – A really compelling and engrossing book about the effect of large social forces on one family.
  • Brooklyn Brujas series — Zoraida Córdova – YA about Chicana teenage witches. Do I need to tell you more, really?
  • The Distance between Us – Renato Cisneros – Part family memoir and part reflection on individual roles and responsibility? ignorance? innocence? in the midst of governmental terror, this is the true/fictional account of the son of a Peruvian general in the 1970s and 1980s, given to me by a close friend who lived through the same period and recently translated into English by the wonderful Charco Press.
  • The City We Became – NK Jemisin — If you are not yet reading everything by NK Jemisin, you may want to start. I am, so I will continue to recommend it.
  • Unpregnant – Jenni Hendricks and Ted Caplan – A very funny book about a serious subject (restrictive abortion laws). I recommend that this become a genre.

Especially good non-fiction:

  • Who Killed Berta Cáceres? – Nina Lakhani – A powerful investigative account of how the murder of Berta Cáceres was arranged and how the crime is embedded in larger forces of extractivism, corruption, and especially counterinsurgency tactics linked directly to the US. Some of the clearest writing I’ve read describing how counterinsurgency actually works inside communities.
  • Indigenous People’s History of the United States – Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz – Should be required reading for every white and/or settler person in the United States. I had picked and chose chapters to read previously, but Dunbar-Ortiz’s thesis grows slowly over the course of the book and I appreciated the ideas much more deeply when I read the whole thing straight through.
  • Dead Girls – Selva Almada – Imaginative, powerful, and intimate book about femicide and machismo exploring the unresolved murders of 3 girls in the interior of Argentina in the 1980s and their ghosts. Just short enough and just the right tone to be read without quite breaking my heart completely.
an image relevant to the COVID era from Antoine de Saint-Exupéry’s The Little Prince

Why Hillbilly Elegy Makes Me Angry

Just a quick post throwing together many great essays and discussions that explain why I’m not in to Hillbilly Elegy, movie and book, now that it’s getting even bigger. I know some people in my life have found it compelling, because I know it does show some things that some of us identify with, and that most people really want to see ourselves and the conditions of our lives represented in books and movies. But I think we can and should find better versions of this representation, and this is why:

  1. Most importantly: JD Vance’s personal politics are terrible – he hobnobs with Charles Murray and the American Enterprise Institute, he does not believe that people need or deserve social assistance and actively promotes policies to cut food, shelter, healthcare for others. Ask yourself why this person has written this book and what its purpose is. This podcast is a great summary (on this and the whole thing): https://citationsneeded.libsyn.com/news-brief-review-netflixs-charles-murray-themed-hallmark-film-hillbilly-elegy
  2. The whole thing REEKS “culture of poverty” – when will we be done with this idea and the damage it has caused?
    https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/10/hillbilly-elegy-review-jd-vance-national-review-white-working-class-appalachia/
  3. “The problem with Hillbilly Elegy’s version of the Pygmalion story is that it never reckons with the fact that J.D.’s whiteness—bought and paid for, in part, by Scots-Irish ancestors through bloody colonial warfare—is not just incidental but integral to his triumph. Hillbilly Elegy is a Bildungsroman about becoming middle-class white that never asks why that gold standard is problematic.” The book and the author’s politics are absolutely about promoting biological notions of race and other forms of white supremacy, even more so because it is claiming not to be about race (again, look up Charles Murray!):
    http://bostonreview.net/arts-society/ellen-wayland-smith-mythic-whiteness-hillbilly
  4. There are real questions of “poverty porn,” driven particularly by questions about who made the movie and who wrote the book (Vance doesn’t seem to be particularly tied to the community, or maybe what I mean is, allied with it – is he really writing about himself?). More to the point there is a long history of harmful representation and Appalachian stereotypes: https://www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2020/11/25/hillbilly-elegy-poverty-porn-239358
  5. This story disappears many other communities in Appalachia – what do we get by continuing to only represent/consume this subset of experiences? https://theoutline.com/post/3147/elizabeth-catte-what-you-are-getting-wrong-about-appalachia-interview?zd=1&zi=ymnfodks
  6.  It’s a terrible (inaccurate) way to understand the “white working class,” which is precisely what many “coastal elites” have tried to do with this book: https://prospect.org/culture/books/unlearning-lessons-hillbilly-elegy-nov20/
JD Vance, a white man, with a blue tie and light gray jacket, with his mouth open at a podium.
JD Vance

How We Can Help Each Other in a Pandemic

Like many other activists, I am not exactly sure how to organize in this moment. I like the phrase physical distance and social solidarity, but I find that I’m not totally sure how to put it into practice. This post is my imperfect attempt to share some ideas of what folks can do to help each other. I more than welcome suggestions, critiques, and additions. We are all learning how to do this together, and that is one example itself of social solidarity.

I first want to lay out that although we are all scared right now, we need to try to remain focused on centering the needs of the most vulnerable. We cannot get so wrapped up in our own needs, in securing ourselves and our families, that we leave behind everyone else. If we make sure our most vulnerable are secured, it’s pretty likely we will have created a network that can sustain everyone. Lead from generosity and love, not fear and scarcity. (Trust me, I know this is easier said than done; that’s why I think it has to actually be said. I am telling myself the same thing like a mantra as a way to work out of my own fear-based reactions.)

If your income has not been affected, PLEASE consider donating as much money as you can spare to one or more of the funds below. Even relatively small amounts of money will go a long way toward assisting extremely vulnerable folks, and donations are tight for everyone right now as unemployment is raging. These are fairly Detroit-centric, because I live here, but also because it looks like Detroit is going to be one of the hardest hit places.

  • We the People of Detroit is giving out water to the 5,000 homes in Detroit without running water (there have been severe delays in getting the water turned back on). They are facing more need, higher prices, and difficulties distributing this water:
    https://www.wethepeopleofdetroit.com/get-involved
  • ABISA – an org assisting Black/African immigrants and refugees in the Detroit area. Your donation will assist undocuBlack immigrants keep the lights on, put food on the table, fill the gas tank, turn on water, preserve a home:
  • Movimiento Cosecha – Undocumented Worker Fund – this fund will go directly to assist undocumented families in need. I have recently been organizing with Cosecha Detroit:
    https://secure.actblue.com/donate/cosechamutualaid
  • Witness for Peace Solidarity Collective – The Solidarity Collective has been extremely hard hit by the fact that we have needed to cancel delegations, speakers’ tours, and other aspects of our work on short notice. In fact, if we are not able to raise several thousand dollars quickly, we will not be able to continue our international solidarity work and accompaniment beyond April. Communities in Honduras, Cuba, and Colombia, and our partners specifically, are facing great risks from COVID-19 and our international solidarity and vigilance on US foreign policy remains critical.
  • Brightmoor Connection Food Pantry –Food pantry in Detroit that works with We the People, Detroit People’s Platform, and advocates a “shopper’s choice model”:  https://brightmoorconnection.org/
  • Forgotten Harvest – metro Detroit food bank that redistributes surplus food:
    https://forgottenharvest.giv.sh/03a6

Beyond Donations

The vast majority of suggestions I have seen are calls for donations. If you, like me, are person whose income has been affected or who cannot afford to spare (much), it seems a little harder to figure out how you can work in solidarity with others right now, but I made a short list. Most of you are probably doing some of these, but it’s worth reminding us that they are important examples of solidarity:

  • Check on your neighbors, regularly.  Check on your loved ones, family and friends, emotionally, and see if anyone needs anything.
  • Consider buying gift certificates to any local businesses you can’t patronize now to help them stay afloat.
  • If you have space, grow or make something that you can share with your neighborhood either from afar or in a safe way.
  • I am also working on putting together a central way to distribute action items such as phone calls (phone zaps) to make on a given day.

I hope I will hear suggestions and ideas from people, in any possible mode. 

Here’s what else I’m trying to focus on right now:

We are connected. We can listen to the wisdom of people who have survived terrible events. We can continue reach beyond our own household and beyond ourselves. We can prioritize the needs of the most vulnerable and marginalized. And that will still be the key to something better.

Consider supporting artist Meredith Stern of JustSeeds Collective here.

Fiction I Read in 2019

Once again, I put together a list of the fiction that I read over the past year that I loved and want to recommend. I found that in doing so, both this year and last, I was reminded of what I learned through reading literature. Indigenous author Rebecca Roanhorse suggests that fiction, and especially science fiction, is important because “the future you imagine is the future you get.” She goes on to say: “for me, it is important to imagine a future that centers Native people,  that highlights our stories and our ideas and our languages, science, and art. Otherwise, the world suffers. Stuck in colonizing language and thought (Space conquest! Colonizing planets!) without considering that there might be another, better way.”

  • Lost Children Archive – Valeria Luiselli
    • A haunting, beautiful, and thoughtful book about colonialism and children taken from their families on the southern border
  • The Great Believers – Rebecca Makkai
    • A wrenching, powerful book about love, death, and politics that takes place across decades about the beginning of the AIDS crisis
  • Akata Witch – Nnedi Okorafor
    • Kids and magic, better than Harry Potter. I finished the first book and immediately downloaded the second from the library, Akata Warrior.
  • The Sympathizer  –  Viet Thanh Nguyen
    • I was a little slow on this one, in part because I was worried it was going to be reactionary, but I found this book to be satisfying politically and quite funny in parts. I wish everyone could read the section skewering Vietnam War movies.
  • Trail of Lightning – Rebecca Roanhorse
    • A quick-moving, adventurous read about monster killing. Also a thought provoking piece of literature that taught me in a new way (as I hoped it would) that representation really matters. Let’s hope there is a movie or TV option. I’m #50 on the waiting list for the next book.
  •  Brown Girl in the Ring – Nalo Hopkinson
    • Second book I have read and absolutely loved by this author of Black speculative fiction. my favorite part of this book might have been its insights into family dynamics although it is also leaving me thinking about the skills I should be building for the climate crisis.
  • Disoriental – Négar Djavadi
    • A story of a family and particularly one woman (a punk rock aficionado) in exile from Iran. A beautiful novel about state terror and family drama.
  • The Hate U Give – Angie Thomas
    • I didn’t see the movie, so I don’t know how it compares. I really liked the book and felt like it was a good companion read to When They Call You a Terrorist; each covered certain things the other did not. I liked the emotional terrain and complexity of this book which used the power of fiction to tell another side of the story of police murder. If you want to know about the Black Lives Matter movement though, you should do further reading.
Picture of three women in an attic (the Vera sisters) looking at a large old book (the Book of Shadows).
The Vera sisters understand the power of a book.

Just Call Me They

The work of being trans is constant. It is tiring. It is exhausting. And it doesn’t really have to be that way. Is it too much to ask people to pay attention to me as a human being when they interact? To use my pronouns, use my name, and to do both correctly a majority of the time? It is not too much to ask, because how can I keep going in a world where that is too much to ask of the fellow human beings with whom I interact?

Taking people seriously as human beings starts with recognizing and learning how we are referred to in speech. This is not a preference. This is not a special request. This is a normal request for being treated with dignity like a human being and let me tell you, it is hurtful and embarrassing and offensive and infuriating and disempowering all rolled into one when it almost never happens. It is dehumanizing.

Let’s start with the name. I am a white person born in the US; unlike a great many people who must never even hear their names said correctly let alone spelled accurately, I belong to the dominant culture. Even so, my very white Irish German name, Meghan Krausch, is apparently not white bread enough and so I have spent my entire life checking every program, table of contents, and website in which it has ever appeared to see if they got it right. It has not gone well. For this and other reasons, I tried dropping the second half of my first name. But no, people cannot just call me Meg either. They want to try to call me Meghan anyway, usually failing.

Why am I going on about my name? Because I think this is related to people’s issues respecting each others’ pronouns. We insist in imposing our own cognitive schemas on other peoples’ selves. We do not take the time to copy down someone’s name as it is given to us, or to listen when they say it, or look at how they sign their own name. Instead, we are in a rush to fit people into a pre-existing box (in my example: ‘oh! I know that name: Megan’).

So as my name is violated in print, as others’ names are violated even more often and viciously, I am misgendered constantly. In situations where I might expect it, in situations where it was an honest mistake, and in situations where there is no excuse.

I get that there is a social transition. I get that this requires resocialization. And I do in fact understand how deep that socialization goes. I really, really do. In fact, I understand more than most people how early we are socialized to believe in the gender binary; I would argue that we are introduced to the binary before we even leave the womb. I am not sure I even believe that anyone can be perfect at using nonbinary pronouns in a society which is still cissexist.

But it is devastatingly apparent to me that most of y’all don’t even try.

In researching this post, I found this story about nonbinary or genderqueer K-12 teachers who use the honorific Mx. There was a lot that resonated, but thing I identified with most was the teacher who said this:

“I had moments where I thought: I’m too much work, I’m asking too much of my colleagues and students, and that as a teacher I’m there to serve, and part of serving others is not always putting yourself first.”

I fight this impulse every day. Of course “they/them/theirs” is a political choice, just like not eating meat or riding my bike instead of driving. But it also feels like home. It feels comfortable. It feels like not faking being a girl and being worried that I would be caught as a fake. And it’s no more of a political choice than using “he” or “she” or eating meat or driving a car, which are also all political choices.

The work of being trans is constant and exhausting only because other people make it that way. It doesn’t have to be anything other than just being.

Here are some resources for those who have questions about trans pronouns, being good accomplices, and what to do when you screw up:

transsaurus-rex

cite Black theorists

cite-black-women_3_orig

Cite Black Women t-shirt from the Cite Black Women Collective

On page 8 of Keeanga-Yamahta Taylor’s book From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation she says something that stopped me in my tracks: “Black revolutionary Stokely Carmichael and social scientist Charles Hamilton coined the phrase ‘institutional racism’ in their book Black Power.”

Although I understand the phrase institutional racism so well that I have actually taught its definition and usage regularly, this is the first time that I have ever heard its origin, and specifically that its origin is attributed to Stokely Carmichael. I am dumbfounded.  Of course, there can be no question that I am to blame for this. But there is also a much larger question here about sociology. I use and teach “institutional racism” in the ways

Stokely_Carmichael_in_Alabama_1966

Stokely Carmichael in Alabama in 1966

that sociologists around me use it, and the ways that I learned it. I have never before heard it attributed it to anyone specific, much less to Carmichael and Hamilton or the Black Power movement. We seem to have simply claimed it as something we do, as part of our larger systemic way of looking at the world. In fact it’s often used interchangeably with “systemic racism.” And that may well be a good and important thing. But it should not come at the cost of erasing the contribution of Black scholars, Black people, and Black movements to our theorizing and scholarship. While we can and do debate the ownership of any one person to a word, no one hesitates to cite Judith Butler when they use the phrase “gender trouble” though these words surely had other connotations and meanings before and after this scholar. We cite Marx when we simply refer to “capital” or the “means of production” and sometimes Foucault gets all of “power.”

This is a question of our citational practices and how they reify existing power structures. This is about how we continue to actively create a white academy. Sara Ahmed discusses this (and provides one alternative possibility) in her nourishing book Living a Feminist Life, which does not cite any white men:

Citations can be feminist bricks: they are the materials through which, from which, we create our dwellings. My citation policy has affected the kind of house I have built. I realized this is not simply through writing the book, through what I found about what came up, but also through giving presentations. As I have already noted, in previous work I have built a philosophical edifice by my engagement with the history of ideas. We cannot conflate the history of ideas with white men, though if doing one leads to the other then we are being taught where ideas are assumed to originate.

It is for this reason, among others, that the Cite Black Women campaign was created. As the Cite Black Women’s Collective says, “It’s simple. Cite Black Women.” But also: put in the work. Find the citations and place Black women in the center of your syllabus and your sociological research and even your informal political thinking. The collective has a praxis:

  1. Read Black women’s work
  2. Integrate Black women into the CORE of your syllabus (in life & in the classroom).
  3. Acknowledge Black women’s intellectual production.
  4. Make space for Black women to speak.
  5. ​Give Black women the space and time to breathe.

And a rad t-shirt (pictured above), which supports the Winnie Mandela School in a working class, Black neighborhood of Salvador de Bahia, Brazil. I’ve already briefly discussed how amazing Winnie Mandela was on this blog. The collective has also organized conference events (including ASA)  and #CiteBlackWomenSunday.

Look, this is not just about “you.” I certainly need to do better at this too. The fact is, unless a person has been making a conscious effort to do this for several years now, it’s likely that many of us need to be putting some work in to do better at this. The point is that we all need to do the work because it isn’t going to happen without it – no one is going to start getting the credit they deserve for their contributions to our discipline and to our thinking without all of us practicing the racial justice that we preach. Here is a short list of Black scholars who influenced sociology to get you started.

Worrying about Others Is Nothing to Fear


Every day I think about my friends in Honduras and I worry about them. I wonder what they’re doing and if they’re OK, and I wonder if they’re worried about today or tomorrow. Then I worry and wonder about my friends in Argentina who I haven’t seen in a little longer. I feel bad that I owe them a visit and I am concerned that I have lost touch with some of them. But most of all I worry about how much they’re being affected by the deepening crash of the economy, increasing social repression, and overall sense of crisis reaching infamous 2001 levels. I also think about how I owe my good friend in prison a letter, and I wonder how he’s getting along too, and I hope that he knows that my longer than usual stretch without communication doesn’t mean that I’m not thinking of him often.

I feel connected to these folks, and my worries are personal rather than abstract. The problems they face—in the form, often, of risk to their lives—are elements of large social problems of the kind many of us read and hear about in the news. The visibility of these problems happening to people who are faraway makes both the people and the problems seem invisible. But they are not abstract social problems. They are everyday problems faced by real humans. They are the concrete problems faced by my living breathing friends, even if these concrete problems are overwhelming oppressive social structures.

It seems to me that I also know many people who have refused to face or even acknowledge these problems. Their reaction, it seems to me, is one of fear. They fear, perhaps, becoming sucked in to the sense of worry that I described above. They fear, perhaps, becoming overwhelmed by the extent of the world’s problems. They fear, perhaps, their sense of helplessness. It is true that “you can’t help everyone.”

But I wouldn’t trade my constant sense of worry and obligation for the disregard or the protective ignorance or the fear or whatever it is that stops people from engaging. Despite the fact that injustice will never be solved, I know that I am connected horizontally in relationships with others that are mutual, loving, and creating alternatives everyday to the systems which tear us down. I am engaged in nurturing myself and others. I know that I am not hiding from reality.

Every week I try to do what I can. It is overwhelming, and so I try to work first on the corner of the giant puzzle of injustice closest to me, while keeping the whole picture in front of me and making sure that my piece will still be able to connect. I work on always increasing my network of solidarity and especially its diversity. And I try to hand puzzle pieces to passersby, who happen to know me but no one else, and get them involved too, and I guess this for me is also part of how solidarity works.

Sometimes I fail, but every day I worry and I make all the room in my life I can to change the world. I reflect, I criticize, and I work at it. I know that I am obligated to others because my humanity is bound up in theirs. Without them, I am not fully human.

Saturday Rec: Fiction I Read in 2018

To celebrate the end of the year I’m recommending a whole slew of things to read! This is a non-exhaustive list of the novels I read this past year that I loved and would love for you to read. Why read fiction, you ask? Please watch the fabulous (and dearly departed) Ursula K LeGuin at the National Book Awards in 2014 explain that it is in part because we “need writers who can remember freedom” (transcript here).

  • LaRose – Louise Erdrich
    • I’ve read several of Erdrich’s books and I plan on eventually reading all of her work – but slowly, so I don’t run out of it.
  • The Killing Moon and the Shadowed Sun (The Dreamblood Duology) – NK Jemisin
  • She Would Be King – Wayétu Moore
    • A magical realist tale of the founding of Liberia. I actually recommend not reading any more summary than that.
  • Troubling Love – Elena Ferrante
    • A painful but beautiful novel about the sudden disappearance and loss of the narrator’s mother in Ferrante’s signature style. I think I have now finished Ferrante’s catalog and I feel a bit lost.
  • Pachinko – Min Jin Lee
    • A book about four generations of a Korean family from before the two Koreas and their migration to Japan. A great transnational novel on race, identity, and migration.
  • Unsheltered – Barbara Kingsolver
    • I’ve read and loved all of Kingsolver’s work and this is her newest.
  • The Ministry of Utmost Happiness – Arundhati Roy
    • A very beautiful and surprising novel about nonbinary genders and the militant struggle in Kashmir.

If Ursula K Le Guin did not convince you, my favorite academic advice columnist has also recommended reading fiction among many other wonderful suggestions for those experiencing “outrage fatigue.” Here’s to imagining (and building) a different world in 2019.

leguinbookawards

Ursula K Le Guin at the National Book Awards in 2014.